As was widely expected, the Fed kept the Fed Funds Rate target unchanged at the September FOMC meeting. As a result, the trading range remains at 5.25%–5.50%. While the policy makers continue to keep their options open for another potential rate hike before year-end, as I’ve said many times before, we are either at, or very close to, the end of this rate hike cycle.

When you look at the U.S. economy’s resiliency thus far in 2023, given 525 basis points (bps) worth of rate hikes, it begs the question: is that all you got? That is precisely what Powell & Co will be contemplating as we move into the fourth quarter and head toward 2024. Against this backdrop, the Fed’s new mantra is to look at the totality of upcoming economic data releases to determine if their job is done.

While the money and bond markets await this data, it is important to remember that even if there are no new additional rate hikes forthcoming, the Fed appears to be united in its stance that rates need to remain in this restrictive territory for the foreseeable future. Hence, the “higher for longer” theme I’ve been consistently emphasizing.

On that front, the expectation for rate cuts has been completely turned on its head. As recently as the day after the May FOMC meeting, the implied probability for Fed Funds Futures already had the Fed cutting rates by now. Instead, we got one more rate hike and the markets are still not completely ruling out another increase at the November FOMC gathering. In addition, four months ago, Fed Funds Futures were looking for the target rate to be under the 4% threshold by January of next year. As of this writing, the implied probability still has Fed Funds over 4.50% by the end of 2024! Along the same lines, while the Fed’s dot plot garners a great deal of attention as well, as with Fed Funds Futures, investors have witnessed how unreliable these two forecasting tools can be.

Whether or not another rate hike is in the cards, quantitative tightening (QT) continues unabated. The Fed continues on its mission to reduce its holdings of Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) on its balance sheet. Although this means of tightening policy has essentially gone under the radar (much like the Fed had hoped), it is a part of the policy makers’ toolkit that should not be ignored.

The Bottom Line

Regardless of whether the Fed is now officially done or not from a rate hike perspective, the end result of this cycle will be that interest rates are now at levels a generation of investors have not witnessed before. In addition, the higher for longer theme creates a whole new dynamic to consider in your fixed income portfolio decision-making process.