In the kaleidoscope of cybersecurity, 2024 stands as a hallmark year—equal parts challenge and opportunity. Generative AI, a marvel reshaping digital landscapes, has amplified the scale and sophistication of cyber threats. Amazon’s revelation of daily incidents surging from 100 million to 750 million by year-end paints a vivid picture.¹ Microsoft, on the other hand, processed more than 78 trillion security signals daily²—an unrelenting barrage that emphasizes the ceaseless evolution of the threat landscape.

Beyond the technical, geopolitics add their own weight to the narrative. The breach of U.S. communication networks by Chinese hackers is a stark reminder that nation-states are key players in the cyber arena. This underscores the pervasive and indiscriminate nature of today’s threats.

Against this backdrop, economic currents further complicate the waters. Tax cuts introduced by a Republican-led government have paved the way for SMBs to bolster their cybersecurity budgets, yet December’s market volatility tempers optimism. Inflation and labor market resilience continue to stoke debates about monetary tightening, leaving businesses to navigate a world where robust cybersecurity is no longer optional—it’s existential.

A Closer Look at the Companies Driving Growth

Amid this dynamic backdrop, certain companies have distinguished themselves as architects of the future. Rubrik, for instance, has emerged as a paragon of growth, delivering an eye-popping 103.3% share price appreciation in Q4 2024.³ It’s not just financial numbers driving this success; Rubrik’s advanced cloud data management solutions, spanning backup, disaster recovery and ransomware protection, have redefined operational efficiency for its clients. Meanwhile, Qualys continues to leverage market buzz around its potential acquisition, further strengthening its standing.⁴

Palo Alto Networks’ vision is equally ambitious. Targeting $15 billion in annual recurring revenue (ARR) by 2030, its current ARR of $4.5 billion—up 40% year-over-year—provides a glimpse of its trajectory.⁵ Growth in platform customers and a knack for navigating competitive waters have fortified its market leadership. Meanwhile, CrowdStrike’s retention rates, surpassing 97%, and its strong customer expansion following a July 2024 outage tell a story of resilience.⁶

Not all stories are of triumph. SentinelOne’s achievement of positive free cash flow on a trailing 12-month basis was overshadowed by its rising expenses. Its $246.5 million in operating costs—driven by investments in talent, R&D and aggressive marketing—reflects the cost of growth.⁷ Akamai, Zscaler and Varonis also wrestle with cautious guidance and competitive pressures, showing that even strong players must constantly adapt.

Insights from Industry Leaders

The 2024 CISO Survey⁸ provides invaluable insights, drawing from more than 100 CISOs across industries like finance, technology, health care and manufacturing. With 60% reporting cybersecurity teams of 20 or more, the survey reflects a robust yet varied approach to resource allocation.

Data security is paramount. Sixty-five percent of CISOs identified issues like data loss prevention and insider threats as their top concerns. Third-party risk management (TPRM) also featured prominently, underscoring the growing complexity of managing vendor relationships. Meanwhile, the ascent of zero-trust architectures highlights a collective pivot toward proactive security strategies.

AI’s role in cybersecurity remains paradoxical. While 70% of CISOs perceive AI as a security risk, 85% acknowledge its transformative potential. The duality demands nuanced solutions—leveraging AI’s strengths while mitigating its vulnerabilities. Sectoral nuances emerge, too, with financial services prioritizing data security and manufacturing zeroing in on TPRM.

The Economics of Cybersecurity: Key Cost Drivers

For cybersecurity companies, growth is expensive. Employee salaries and benefits dominate budgets, often accounting for 50%–70% of operating costs. CrowdStrike exemplifies this, channeling substantial resources into competitive compensation packages to attract top talent. Palo Alto Networks’ employee investments further illustrate the emphasis on workforce quality.

Sales and marketing form the second pillar, consuming 10%–20% of budgets. Zscaler’s expenditure on marketing, aimed at differentiating itself in a crowded market, exemplifies the sector’s challenges in achieving visibility. Meanwhile, R&D investments vary but remain critical. Fortinet’s consistent R&D spending has underpinned its innovation, while SentinelOne’s heavy investment in cutting-edge technologies underscores its commitment to staying ahead in a fast-paced field.

The Promise and Pitfalls of Generative AI

Generative AI offers immense promise but comes with pitfalls. On one hand, it powers advanced threat detection and automation—a frontier being led by companies like Datadog and Elastic. On the other, it necessitates constant vigilance as the sophistication of AI-driven cyberattacks escalates.

The burgeoning demand for identity management and cloud security further cements the relevance of firms like CrowdStrike and CyberArk. Subscription-based models, championed by Rubrik and Palo Alto Networks, highlight the adaptability of companies to evolving market needs.

Navigating the Road Ahead

The cybersecurity sector’s narrative is one of enduring growth amid constant flux. Companies with a sharp focus on AI, cloud computing and analytics are well-positioned to seize future opportunities. Yet, rising costs and competitive dynamics serve as a reminder that agility and strategic foresight are non-negotiable.

Short-term volatility coexists with long-term promise. While SentinelOne and Zscaler navigate uneven terrain, industry leaders like Palo Alto and CrowdStrike continue to set benchmarks for resilience and innovation. For investors, the sector offers both opportunity and complexity—a landscape where informed decision-making is crucial.

At WisdomTree, the WisdomTree Cybersecurity Fund (WCBR), which is designed to track the total return performance, before fees and expenses, of the WisdomTree Team8 Cybersecurity Index, is poised to capture the potentially fast growth within the cybersecurity megatrend, particularly amongst companies that are providing software solutions.

Team8, a venture firm with cybersecurity expertise, defines different key themes deemed essential to the future of cybersecurity. Technology is changing quickly, so the manner in which we secure against different risks must also be quite nimble.

WisdomTree ensures that the Index is tilting focus toward those cybersecurity software companies with faster revenue growth.

Figure 1: Standardized Performance

At each semiannual rebalance of the WisdomTree Team8 Cybersecurity Index, companies are classified into three groups based on their sales growth:

• Fast Growth: These are companies with annualized revenue growth greater than 20%.
• Growth: These are companies with annualized revenue growth between 7% and 20%.
• Slow Growth: These are companies with annualized revenue growth below 7%. Initially, these firms would be excluded from the Index unless there is a scenario where less than 25 constituents qualify for inclusion. In that case, some slow-growth companies can be included to bring the total number of constituents to 25.

Figure 2 looks over the past one-, three- and five-year periods, noting the median sales growth of WCBR as compared to that of the S&P 500 and Russell 1000 Growth Indexes. We believe a core tenet that makes thematic strategies like cybersecurity more interesting is the capability to capture faster growth than broad benchmarks.

Figure 2: Tilting toward Sales Growth

Shifting from looking at sales growth to EBITDA growth brings us from the top line of the income statement into the middle of the income statement. Certain operational costs are accounted for, whereas certain non-cash expenses like depreciation and amortization are not.

While the top-line sales growth gives us a sense of the growing demand for the offering of these firms, EBITDA growth gives more of a sense of the operational characteristics of the business.

In figure 3, the three-year growth in EBITDA is basically off of the chart’s regular axis, showing a median figure above 100%. Remember, a median is not pulled up by outlier values.

Figure 3: Strong Growth in EBITDA (Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization)

Conclusion

As the cybersecurity sector evolves, its challenges and opportunities are interwoven in complex patterns. Companies like Rubrik, Palo Alto Networks and CrowdStrike exemplify the sector’s ability to adapt and innovate. Insights from the 2024 CISO Survey further illuminate a path forward, emphasizing the need for robust data security, strategic risk management and AI integration. In this dynamic landscape, the future of cybersecurity promises to be as rewarding as it is demanding.

¹ Source: James Rundle, “The AI Effect: Amazon Sees Nearly 1 Billion Cyber Threats a Day,” Wall Street Journal, 11/21/24.

² Source: Microsoft Digital Defense Report, 2024.

³ Source: Wall Street Journal company share price quotes.

⁴ Source: Baker et al., “Cybersecurity Company Qualys Is Said to Explore Sale (1),” Bloomberg Law, 11/6/24.

⁵ Source: Reinhardt Krause, “Palo Alto Networks Fiscal Q1 Results Fuel Debate Over ‘Platformization,’” Investors Business Daily, 11/21/24.

⁶ Source: https://www.investing.com/news/swot-analysis/crowdstrikes-swot-analysis-resilient-cybersecurity-leader-faces-challenges-stock-outlook-93CH-3794671

⁷ Source: Emily Dattilo, “SentinelOne’s Revenue Soars 28%. Why the Stock Is Tumbling,” Barron’s, 12/5/24.

⁸ Source: Key findings from Team8’s 2024 CISO Village Survey, September 2024.